Ureteric Duplications and Ureterocoeles

Introduction Duplications of the ureter represent one of the most common anomalies of the urinary tract. Duplications may be complete or incomplete and can be associated with functioning renal moieties with orifices that open into the bladder. Duplications are often completely asymptomatic and often come to light only in the course of investigations for other reasons. Clinical problems are the result of obstruction, reflux, or ectopic openings, giving rise to hydronephrosis, infection, and incontinence. Antenatal diagnosis provides useful information for postnatal evaluation with a view to preserving renal function, when appropriate, or removing dysplastic components that potentially may cause infection and compromise the other elements of the renal tract.